~P high-energy phosphate bond
2r-CPPene 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl) 1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid
3-MT 3-methoxytyramine
3-OMD 3-O-methyldopa
5,7-DCK 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid
5,7-DHT 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
5-HTP 5-hydroxytryptophan
6-OHDA 6-hydroxydopamine
8-OHdG 8-hydroxyguanine
a alpha
A argon
AADC aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase
AANAT aryl alkylamine N-acetyltransferase
AAPH azobis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride
AAV adeno-associated virus
ABC ATP-binding cassette
Abeta amyloid beta-peptide
ABTS 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6--sulphonate)
AC adenyl cyclase
Ac actinium
ACh acetylcholine
AChE acetylcholinesterase
AChR acetylcholine receptor
ACTH adrenocorticotrophic hormone
AD Altzheimer's Disease
Ad2 adenovirus 2
ADP adenosine 5'-diphosphate
AFP anterior forebrain pathway
AFT activating transcription factor
Ag silver (L. argentum)
Ag2 silver ion
AGE advanced glycation end-product
AI artificial intelligence
AIDS acquired immunodificiency syndrome
AIP acute intermittent porphyria
AKAP protein Kinase A anchoring protein
a-KG alpha ketoglutarate
a-KGDH a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
AL argininosuccinate lyase
Al aluminum
Ala alanine
ALD adrenoleukodystrophy
ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Am americium
AMD age related macular degeneration or acid maltase deficiency adrenomyeloneuropathy
AMN adrenomyeloneuropathy
AMOG adhesion molecule on glia
AMP adenosine 5'-monophosphate
AMPA a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyul-4-isoxazole
AMPA alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-propionate
AMP-PNP adenylylimidodiphosphate
AMPT a-methyl-p-tyrosine
AMV avian myeloblastosis viral
AMVN 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)
ANP atrial natriuretic peptide
AP adaptin
AP site apurinic (or apyrimidinic) site
AP-1 adaptin-1
AP-2 adaptin-2
ApCAM Aplesia cell adhesion molecule
APDC 2R,4R-4-aminopyrrolidine-2-4-dicarboxuylate
ApoE apolipoprotein E
APP amyloid precursor protein
APPL beta-amyloid precursor like protein
ARAS ascending reticular activating system
ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome
ARE antioxidant response element
ARF ADP-ribosylation factor
Arg arginine
ARIA Ach receptor-inducing activity
Arp1 actin related protein 1
AS argininosuccinate synthetase
As arsenic
Asn asparagine
Asp aspartic acid
At astatine
ATP adenosine 5'-triphosphate
Au gold (L. aurum)
AZT azidodeoxythymidine
b beta
B boron
Ba barium
BAC bacterial artificial chromosome
BAPP beta-amyloid precursor protein
BAPTA 1,2,-bis(o-aminophenoxy)etane-N-N'-N'-N'-tetraacetic acid
BARK beta-adrenergic receptor kinase
BBB Blood Brain Barrier
BCAA branched chain amino acid
BCDHC branched chain dehydrogenase complex
BCP bag cell peptides
BDA biodextran amine an anterograde tracer (neurobiology)
BDI bleomycin-detectable iron
BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor
Be berilium
BH4 tetrahydrobiopterin
BHA butylated hydroxyanisole
BHC 2-aminonorbornane-2-carboxylic acid
BHT butylated hydroxytoluene
Bi bismuth
Bk berkelium
BLPH beta-lipotropin
BMAA beta-N-methylamino-l-alanine
BMP bone morphogenetic proteins
BMR basal metabolic rate
BNP brain natriuretic peptide
BOLD blood oxygenation level dependent
bp base pair
BPB p-bromophenacyl bromide
BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
Br bromine
BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy
BTX batrachotoxin
BuChE butyryl (or pseudo) cholinesterases
c xi
C carbon
Ca calcium
CA catecholamines
Ca++ calcium ion
cADPr cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose
CAK CDK-activating kinase
CAKAK CAK-activating kinase
cal calorie
CAM cell adhesion molecule
CaMK Ca++-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases
cAMP adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate
CBF cerebral blood flow
CBP CREB-binding protein
CBV cerebral blood volume
CCK cholecystokinin
Cd cadmium
cdc cell division cycle (protein)
CDF cholinergic differentiation factor
CDK cyclin-dependent kinase
cDNA complementary DNA
CDP cytidine diphosphate
CDP-DAG cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol
Ce cerium
CEA carcinogen embryonic antigen
Cer-Glc glucocerebroside
CF climbing fiber
CF cystic fibrosis
CFTR cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
CG complementary groups
CGD chronic granulomatous disease
cGMP guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate
CGRP calcitonin gene-related peptide
ChAT choline acetyltransferase
CHCl3 chloroform
CHO cell Chinese hamster ovary cell
CICR Ca++-induced Ca++ release
CIDP chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
CIF Ca++ influx factor
CIRL Ca++ independent receptor for latrotoxin
CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
CK creatine kinase
Cl chlorine
Cm curium
CMR cerebral metabolic rate
CMRA cerebral metabolic rate for ammonia
CMRglc cerebral metabolic rate for glucose
CMRO2 cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen
CMT Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
CMV cytomegalovirus
cNG cyclic nucleotide-gated channel
CNP 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase
CNS central nervous system
CNTF ciliary neurotrophic factor
CoA coenzyme A
COMT catechol-O-methyltransferase
Con A concanavalin A
COP coat proteins aka coatomers
COP-1 copolymer-1
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CoQ coenzyme Q
CORT corticosterone
COX cytochrome oxidase or cyclooxygenase
COX-1 cyclooxygenase 1
COX-2 cyclooxygenase 2
CPE carboxypeptidase E
CPK creatine phosphokinase
CPS carbamyl phosphate synthetase
CPT carnitine palmitoyltransferase
Cr chromium
CRE cAMP responsive element
CREB cAMP response element binding protein
CREM cAMP responsive element modulatory protein
CRH corticotropin releasing hormone
CRM cross-reacting material (immunological)
CRP creatine phosphate or C-reactive protein
Cs cesium
CS conditioned stimulus
CSF cerebrospinal fluid
Csk C-terminal src kinase
CSP cysteine string protein
CT computed tomography
CT-1 cardiothophin 1
CTP cytidine 5'-triphosphate
CTX cortex
Cu copper
Cys cysteine
d delta
DA dopamine
DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclooctane
DAG diacylglycerol (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylethanolamine)
DAO diamine oxidase
d-AP5 d-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid
DARPP-32 dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (32 kDa)
DAT dopamine transporter
DBD diaminobenzidine
DBH dopamine beta-hydroxylase
DBI diazepam-binding inhibitor
DBM dopamine beta-monooxygenase
DCFH-DA dichlorofluorescein diacetate
DDC dopa decarboxylase
deg degree
delta-G free energy
DETAPAC diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
DHA docosahexaenoic acid
DHAP dihydroxyacetone phosphate
DHAP-AT dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyl transferase
DHB dihydroxybenzoate
DHEA dihydroepiandrosterone
DHETE dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
DHF dihydroxyfumarate
DHLA dihydrolipoate
DHPR dihydropteridine reductase
DHR dihydrorhodamine
DHT 5a-dihydrotestosterone
DLM dorsolateral thalamus
DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy
DMPO 5,5'-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide
DMSO dimethylsulphoxide
DNA deoxy-ribose nucleic acid
DOPA dihydroxyphenylalanine
DOPAC 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
Dpp decapentaplegic
DPPH 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
DRG dorsal root ganglion
DS Down's syndrome
dsDNA double stranded DNA
ds-RNA double stranded RNA
DSS Derjerine-Sottas syndrome
DTNB 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
Dy dysprosium
e epsilon
E. coli eschericha coli
EAAC excitatory amino acid carrier
EAAT excitatory amino acid transporter
EAE experimental allergic enciphalomyelitis
EAE experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
EAN experimental allergic neuritis
EBD embroid body derived
ECD electrochemical detection
ECM extracellular matrix
ECT electroconvulsive therapy
EDRF endothelium-derived relaxing factor
EDTA ethylene-diamine tetraacetic acid
EEG electroencephalogram
EGF epidermal growth factor
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
EKG electrocardiogram
ELH egg laying hormone
ELISA enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay
EM electron microscopy
EMG electromyogram
eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthetase
ENS enteric nervous system
EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
Eph erythropoietin producing hepatocellular receptor
EPP evoked end plate potential
EPR electron papamagnetic resonance
EPS extrapyramidal syndrome
EPSC excitatory postsynaptic potential
EPSP extitatory post synaptic potential
ER endoplasmic reticulum
Er erbium
ERG early response genes
ERK extracellularly regulated kinase
ERK extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
ES embryonic stem cells
ESR electron spin resonance
ETF electron-transferring flavoprotein
EtOH ethanol
ETYA eicosatetraynoic acid
Eu europium
f phi
F fluorine
F Faraday constant (23,000 cal/volt/mol)
FA Friedreich's ataxia
FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide
FAK focal adhesion kinase
FAPy formamidopyrimidine
FDA [18F]fluorodopamine
FDOPA [18F]6-fluoro-DOPA
Fe iron (L. ferrum)
FFA fatty free acid
FFI fatal familial insomnia
FGF fibroblast growth factor
FGFR fibroblast growth factor receptor
FLsmc forelimb representation area of the sensorimotor cortex
Fm fermium
FMN flavin mononucleotide
FMRF-NH2 Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide
fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging
Fr francium
FSH follicle stimulating hormone
g gamma
G-3-P sn-glycerol-3-phosphate
G6P glucose 6-phosphate
Ga gallium
GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid
GABA-T GABA transaminase
GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase
GAG glucosamineoglycans
Gagust gustducin Ga protein
Gal galactose
galC galactocerebroside
GalNAc N-acetylgalactosamine
GAP GTPase activating protein
GAP-43 growth associated protein [43 kDa]
GBS Guillian-Barre' syndrome
GC glucocorticoid
GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
GCS glycine cleavage system
Gd gadolinium
GDI GDP-dissociation inhibitor
GDNF glial-derived neurotrophic factor
GDP guanosine 5' -diphosphate
Ge germanium
GEF guajine nucleotide exchange factor
GEMSA guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid
GFAP Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
GFP green fluorescent protein
GGF glial growth factor
GI gastrointestinal [tract]
GIP GTPase inhibitory factor
GIRK G-protein coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channel
GKAP guanylyl kinase associated protein
GL granular layer
GLAST glutamate-aspartate transporter
Glc glucose
GLC gas-liquid chromatography
GlcNAc N-acetylglucosamine
Gln glutamine
GLT glutamate transporter
Glu glutamic acid
GluR glutamate receptor
GluR1 AMPA receptor type 1
GluR2 AMPA receptor type 2
GluR3 AMPA receptor type 3
GluR4 AMPA receptor type 4
GluR5 kainate receptor
GLUT glucose transporter
GLUT-I glucose transporter-I
Gly glycine
GM4 sialosylgalactosylceramide
GMCSF granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
GMP guanosine 5' -monophosphate
GnRH gonadotropin releasing hormone
GPCR G-protein-coupled receptor
GPI glycosylphosphatidylinositol
Gpl lateral globus pallidus
Gpm medial globus pallidus
Gpx glutathione peroxidase
Grb growth factor receptor binding protein
GRE glucocorticoid response element
GRK G protein receptor kinase
GS glycogen synthetase
GSH glutathionhe
GSH glutathione
GSS Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome
GST glutathione S-transferase
GTP guanosine 5'-triphosphate
h eta
H hydrogen
H+ hydrogen ion
HAP huntingtin-associated protein
HC hippocampus
HCHWA-D hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type
HCl hydrochloric acid
HDC L-histidine decarboxylase
HDL high density lipoprotein
He helium
HE hepatic encephalopathy
HeLa Helen Lang
HETE hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
HF hydrofluoric acid
Hf hafnium
Hg mercury (NL. hydrargyrum)
hGH human growth hormone
HGPRT hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
HHE trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal
HHT 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid
HIOMT 5-hydroxindole-O-methyltransferase
His histidine
HIV human immunodificiency virus
HLA human leukocyte antigen
HLH helix-loop-helix transcriptional regulator
HMG beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl
HMGCoA beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
HMM heavy meromyosin
HMT histamine N-methyltransferase
HNE 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
HNF hepatic nuclear factor
HNPP hereditary neuropathy with predisposition to pressure palsies
Ho holmium
hPAP human alkaline phosphatase
HpC hippocampus
HPD hematoporphyrin derivative
HPETE hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
HPLC high-performance liquid chroromatography
HPRT hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
hPSC human pluripotent cells
HPTLC high-performance thin layer chroromatography
HRP horseradish peroxidase
HSF heat-shock transcription factor
hsp heat shock protein
hsp70 heat shock protein 70 the sa
HVA homovanillic acid
i iota
I iodine
IAA imidazoleacetic acid
IBD inflammatory bowel disease
ICAM intercellular adhesion molecule
ICE interleukin-1beta converting enzyme
Icrac Ca++-release-activated Ca++ current
IF intermediate filaments
Ifn interferon
Ifn-alpha interferon alpha
Ifn-beta interferon beta
Ifn-gamma interferon gamma
Ig immunoglobulin
IgCAM immunoglobin gene superfamily cell adhesion molecule
IGF insulin-like growth factor
IL interleukin
IL-2 Interleukin-2 a cytokine
Ile isoleucine
In indium
iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthetase
INSR insulin receptor
IP1 inositol 1-phosphate
IP2 inositol 1,4-bisphosphate
IP3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
IP3 inositol 1,2,5-triphosphate
IP4 inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate
IPSP inhibitory post synaptic potential
Ir iridium
IRD infantile Rufsum disease
IRE iron responsive elements
IRP iron regulatory protein
IRS insulin receptor substrate
ISG interferon stimulated gene
ISP internet service provider
ITP inosine phosphate
ITR inverted repeated sequence
IVG isovalerylglycine
JAK janus kinase
JP joining peptide
k kappa
K Potassium (NL. Kalium)
K+ potassium ion
KA kainic acid
kb kilo base (1000 base pairs long)
Kca Ca++-activated K+ channels
KDEL Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu C-terminal signature sequence
Kerg ether-a-go-go-related K+ channels
KGDHC a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
Kir inwardly rectifying potassium channel
KPI Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor
Kr krypton
KRP kinesin related protein
KSS Kearns-Sayre syndrome
Kv voltage-gated K+ channels
l lambda
La lanthanum
L-AP4 L-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate
LC locus ceruleus
LCAD long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
LCAT lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
LCHAD long chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
LDCV large dense-core vesicle
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LDL low density lipoprotein
L-DOPA 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
LEMS Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Leu leucine
LFA-1 lymphocyte function antigen 1
LH luteinizing hormone
LHON Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
LHRH leueinizing hormone-releasing hormone
Li lithium
Li+ lithium ion
LIF leukemia inhibitory factor
LIFR leukemia inhibitory factor receptor
LM1 sialosyl-lactoneotertraosylceramide
L-MAG long MAG
LMM light meromyosin
ln log to the base 10
LNAA large neutral amino acid
LPS lipopolysaccharide
Lr lawrencium
LSD lysergic acid diethylamide
LTA4 leukotriene A4
LTB4 leukotriene B4
LTD long-term depression
LTP long-term potentiation
Lu lutetium
Lys lysine
m mu
mAChR muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
MAG myelin-associated glycoprotein
MAGUK membrane-associated guanylyl kinase homolog
MAO monoamine oxidase
MAOI monamine oxidase inhibitors
MAP microtubule-associated protein
MAPAK MAP-kinase-activated protein kinase or mitogen activated protein
MAPK mitogen activated protein kinase
MARCKS myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate
MAS malate-aspartate shuttle
MASC myotube-associated specificity component
MBO membrane-bounded organelle
MBP mylelin basic protein
MCAD medium chain acyl CoA hehydrogenase
MCHAD medium chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
mCPP m-chlorophenylpiperazine
M-CSF macrophage colony stimulating factor
Md mendelevium
MDA malondialdehyde
MDMA 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
MDR multidrug resistance protein
MeAIB 2-methylamino-isobutyric acid
MeDOPA 3-O-methyl-DOPA
MEK MAPK/ERK activating kinase
MEKK MEK kinase
MELAS mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, latic acidosis and stroke like episodes
MeOH methanol
MEOS microsomal ethanol oxidizing system
MEPP miniature end plate potential
MERRF myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers
Met methionine
MF microfilament
MG myasthenia gravis
Mg magnesium
mGluR metabotropic glutamate receptor
MH malignant hyperthermia
MHC major histocompatibility complex
MHPG 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol
MKP MAP-kinase phosphatases
ML molecular layer
MLD metachromatic leukodystrophy
MMA methylmalonic acid
M-MLV Moloney murine leukemia virus
MMN multifocal motor neuropathy
Mn manganese
Mo molybdenum
MODY maturity onset diabetes of the young
MOG myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
mol mole
MOP myelin oligodendrocyte protein
MOR mu opoid receptor
MPG mercaptopropionyl glycine
MPO myeloperoxidase
MPP+ 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion
MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
Mr relative molecular mass
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
mRNA messenger RNA
MRP multidrug resistance protein
MRP multi-drum resistance associated protein
MS multiple sclerosis
MSA multiple system atrophy
MSD multiple sulfatase deficiency
MSUD maple syrup urine disease
MT microtubule
mtDNA mitochondrial DNA
MTOC microtubule-organizing center
MuSK muscle specific kinase
n nu
N nitrogen
Na sodium (NL. Natuium)
Na,K-ATPase sodium-potassium stimulated adenosine triphosphatase
Na+ sodium ion
NAAG N-acetylaspartyl glutamate
NAALADase N-acetyl alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase
NAAQS national ambient air quality standard
nAChR nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized)
NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)
NADP+ nicotiniamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized)
NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced)
NAG N-acetylglutamate
NALD neonatal adrenoleukodrystrophy
NANA N-acetylneuraminic acid
Nb niobium
NBQX 6-nitro 7-sulphamobenzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione
NBT nitroblue tetrazolium
NC neural crest
NCAM neural cell adhesion molecule
NCAM neural cell adhesion molecule
NCL neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Nd neodymium
NDF neu differentiation factor
nDNA nuclear DNA
NE norepinpherine
Ne neon
NET norepinephrine transporter
NF neurofilament or neurofibromatosis
NF-kappaB nuclear transcription factor kappa B
NFT neurofibrillary tangle
NgCAM neuroknal glial cell adhesiionmolecule
NGF nerve growth factor
NGFR nerve growth factor receptor
NHE Na+/H+ antiporters
NIPP nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase
NKH nonketotic hyperhlycinemia
NL nucleus laminaris an area in the chick auditory brainstem
NM nucleus magnocellularis an area in the chick auditory brainstem
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
NMJ neuromuscular junction
NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
nNOS neuronal nitric oxide synthetase
NO nitric oxide
No nobelium
NOS nitric oxide synthetase
Not I primer adaptor system designed to prime first strand cDNA synthesis at the poly(A) tail of mRNAs
Not I restriction endonuclease
Np neptumium
NPY neuropeptide Y
NR-1 NMDA receptor type 1
NR-2A NMDA receptor type 2-A
NR-2B NMDA receptor type 2-B
NR-2C NMDA receptor type 2-C
NR-2D NMDA receptor type 2-D
NRD N-arginine dibasic
NRPTK nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase
NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
NSAID non-steroidal antiinflammatory drum
NSF N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor
NT neurotrophin
NTA nitrilotriacetate
o omicron
O oxygen
OAG 1-oleoyl, 2-acetyl sn-glycerol
OCD obsessive compulsive behavior
OCRL oculocerebrorenal syndrome
Ol oligodendrocyte
ONOO- peroxynitrate
ORF open reading frame
ORI replication origin in a plasmid
Os osmium
OTC ornithine transcarbamylase
p pi
P phosphorous
p.p.b. parts per billion
p.p.m. parts per million
P0 P zero
P0 peripheral myelin basic protein
P1 P-one
P2 P-two
PA phosphatidic acid
Pa protactinium
PACAP pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide
PAF platelet-activating factor
PAH phenylalanine hydroxylase
PAL peptidyl-a-hydroxyglycine a amidating lysase
PAM peptidylglycine a-amidating monooxygenase
PaO2 partial pressure of ambient arterial oxygen
PARP polyADP-ribose polymerase
PAS periodic acid Schiff base
Pb lead (L. plumbum)
PBN N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenyhlnitrone
PBN phenyl-tert-butylnitrone
PC phosphatidylcholine or prohormone convertase
PCA parachloroamphetamine
PCL Purkinje cell layers
PCP phencyclidine
PCP pentachlorophenol
PCPA parachlorophenylalanine
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PCr phosphocreatine
PD Parkinson's disease
Pd palladium
PDE phosphodiesterase
PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
PDGFR platelet-derived growth factor receptor
PDHC pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
PDI protein-disulphide isomerase
PECAM-1 platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1
PEG polyethylene glycol
PEPCK phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
PET positron emission tomography
PFC prefrontal cortex
PFK phosphofructokinase
PFL pyruvate-formate lyase
PG prostaglandin
PGE2 prostoglandin E2
PGF2 prostoglandin F2
PGG2 prostoglandin G2
PGI2 prostacyclin
PGK phosphoglycerate kinase
PGM phosphoglycerate mutase
PGS prostaglandin G/H synthase
PH pleckstrin-homology
PHAL Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinin
Phe phenylalanine hydroxylase
PHF paired, helically wound, ~10 nm filament
PHGPx phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase
PHM peptidylglycine a-hydroxylatilng monooxygenase
PI phosphatidylinositol or phosphoinositide
Pi inorganic phosphate
PI 3-kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PIP phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
PIP2 phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
PI-PLC phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C
PKA protein kinase A or cAMP-dependent protein kinase
PKC protein kinase C or Ca++/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase
PKG protein kinase G or cGMP-dependent protein kinase
Pkr ds-RNA-activated protein kinase
PKU phenylketonuria
PLA phospholipase A
PLC phospholipase C
PLC-gamma phospholipase C gamma
PLD phospholipase D
PLP proteolopid protein
Pm promethium
PMA phorbol myristate acetate
PMCA plasma-membrane Ca++ pump
PMD Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
PML progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
PMP peripheral myeli protein
PMP-22 peripheral myelin protein 22
PNDA p-nitrosodimethylaniline
PNMT phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
PNS peripheral nervous system
Po polonium
pO2 local partial pressure for O2
PO2 partial pressure of oxygen
POBN alpha-(4-pyridyl 1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone
POCT point of care testing
POMC proopiomelanocortin
POU conserved region in pit-1, oct-1, oct-2 and unc-86 proteins
PP1 protein phosphatase 1
PP2 protein phosphatase 2
PPADS pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid
Pr praseodymium
PRL prolactin
Pro proline
proANF proatrial natriuretic factor
PrP prion protein
PrPC prion protein cellular form
PrPSc prion protein scrapie form
PS phosthatidylserine or pregnenolone sulfate or presenilin
PSA polysialic acid
PSE portal-systemic encephalopathy
PSEP postsynaptic excitatory potential
PsmR presynaptic membrane receptor
PSP progressive suprenuclear palsy
PT pars tuberalis
Pt platinum
PTB phosphotyrosine binding domain
PTBR peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor
PtdCho phosphatidylcholine
PtdEtn phosphatidylethanolamine
PtdGro phosphatidylglycerol
PtdGroPtd cardiolipin
PtdIns phosphatidylinositol
PtdIns 4,5P2 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
PtdIns 4P phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
PtdOH phosphatidic acid
PtdSer phosphatidylserine
PTH parathyroid hormone
PTK protein tyrosine kinase
PTP protein tyrosine phosphatase
PTS-1 peroxisomal targeting signals (C-terminal)
PTS-2 peroxisomal targeting signals (N-terminal)
PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder
Pu plutonium
PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid
PUVA psoralen-ultraviolet A
PVN paraventricular nucleus
PYK proline-rich tyrosine kinase
PZ pirenzepine
q theta
r rho
R gas constant
R+ photoactivated rhodopsin
Ra radium
RA rheumatoid artheritis
RACK receptors for activated protein kinase C
RAGE receptor for AGE
RAGS repulsive axon guidance signal
RAK delayed rectifier potassium channel
Rb rubidium
RCDP rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata
rCMRglc regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose
rCNT nucleoside cotransporter
RDA recommended diatery allowance
Re rhenium
REM rapid eye movement
RER rough endoplasmic reticulum
RFI relative fluorescence intensity
RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism
RGS regulators of G protein signaling
Rh rhodium
Rn radon
RNA ribose nucleic acid
RNase-L RNase-L
RNS reactive nitrogen species
ROP retinopathy of prematurity
ROS reactive oxygen species
RP retinitis pigmentosa
RPE retinal pigment epithelium
RPTK receptor protein tyrosine kinase
RQ respiratory quotient
RR ryanodine receptor calcium ion channel
Rsk ribosomal protein S6 kinase
RT reverse transcriptase
RTK receptor tyrosine kinase
RT-PCR reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
Ru ruthenium
RVD regulatory volume decrease
RVI regulatory volume increase
s sigma
S sulfur
SAG Schwann cell membrane associated glycoprotein
SAG Schwann cell membrane associated glycoprotein
SAH S-adenosylhomocysteine
Sal I restriction endonuclease
SAM S-adenosylmethionine
SAP synapse associated protein
SAPAP synapse associated protein (SAP) associated Protein
SAPK stress activated protein kinase
SAR systemic acquired resistance
Sb antimony (L. stibium)
SBP serotonin binding protein
Sca slow component a (of axonal transport)
SCAD short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
SCAMP secretory carrier membrane protein
Scb slow component b (of axonal transport)
scFv single-chain variable fragment
SCG superior cervical ganglion
SCHAD short chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
SCIP suppressed cyclic AMP-inducible POU domain protein
SCN suprachiasmatic nuclei
ScTX scorpion toxin
SDA semidehydroascorbate
SDS sodium dodecylsulfate
SDS-PAGE sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
SE status epilepticus
Se selenium
SEK stress activated protein kinase kinase
SER smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Ser serine
SERCA smooth endoplasmic reticulum C++ antiporter
SERT serotonin transporter
SGPG sulfate-3-glucuronyl paragloboside
SH src homology domain
SHC src homology collagen-like protein
SHIP src homology inositol phosphatase
SHMT serine hydroxymethyltransferase
SHP SH2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase
Si silicon
SIF small, intensely fluorescent (cells)
SIM selected ion monitoring
Sm samarium
S-MAG short MAG
SMAP small G protein regulator associated protein
SMC sensorimotor cortex
SMDF sensory and motor neuron-derived growth factor
SMG Schwann cell myelin protein
SMP Schwann cell myelin protein
Sn tin (L. stannum)
SNAP soluble NSF attachment protein
SNAP S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine
SNc substantia nigra pars compacta
SNE subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy
SNP single nucleotide polymorphisms
SNr substantia nigra pars reticulata
SNT suc-associated neurotrophic factor-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated target
SOD superoxide dismutase
SOS son of sevenless (a G protein)
SPECT single photon emission computerized tomography
SR sarcoplasmic rfeticulum
Sr strontium
SRF serum responsive factor
SRP signal recognition particle
SRS-A slow-reacting substance A
SSADH succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
SSPE subacute sclerosing panencephalomyelitis
SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
SSV small secretory vesicles
ST striatum
STE stop transfer effector
STN subthalamic nucleus
STP standard temperature and pressure
Str striatum
STT scapho-trapezoi-trapezoid
Sv40 simian virus 40
SVZ subventricular zones
SWD spike and wave discharges
t tau
T temperature
Ta tantalum
Tb terbium
TBA thiobarbituric acid
TBPS t-butyl bicyclophosphorothionate
Tc transition temperature
TC transcobalamin
Tc technetium
TCA tricarboxylic acid cycle or tricyclic antidepressant
TCA trichloroacetic acid
TCDD 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
TCh total cholesterol
TCHQ tetrachlorohydroquinone
TCR T cell receptor
Te tellurium
TEXAN toxin extruding antiporter
TG triglycerides
TGF transforming growth factor
TGFB transformng growth factor B
TGF-b1 transforming growth factor beta 1
TH tyrosine hydroxylase
Th thorium
THIP 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]-pyridine-3-ol
THPROG 3a, 5a-pregnan-3a-ol-20-one
Thr threonine
Ti titanium
TIMP tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
TK transketolase
TLC thin-layer-chromatography
TM transmembranae spanning domain
Tm melting temperature
TM transmembrane
TMD transmembranae spanning domain
t-MH tele-methylhistamine
t-MIAA tele-methylimidazole acetic acid
TNF tumor necrosis factor
TP trifunctional protein
TPA tissue plasminogen activator
TRE 12-d-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate response element
TRH thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Trp tryptophan
TSA thiol-specific antioxidant
TSE transmissilble spongiform encephalopathy
TSH thyroid stimulating hormone
TTP thiamine triphosphate
TTX tetrodotoxin
TXA2 thromboxane A2
TXB2 thromboxane B2
Tyr tyrosine
u upsilon
U uranium
Ub ubiquitin
UDP uridilne 5'-diphosphate
UDP-glucose uridine diphosphoglucose
URL universal resource locater
US unconditioned stimulus
UTP uridine 5'-triphosphate
UV ultraviolet
V vanadium or volt
VAChT vesicular acetylcholine transporter
Val valine
VAMP vesicle associated membrane protein (synaptobrevin)
VBR ventricular to brain ratio
VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule
VGCC voltage gated Ca++ channel
VIP vasoactive intestinal peptide
VLCAD very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
VLCFA very long chain fatty acids
VMAT vesicular membrane amine transporters
VMH ventromedial hypothalamus
VNO vomeronasal organ
VPM ventral posterior medial nucleus
VT ventral tegmentum
w omega
W tungston (G. wolfram) or Watt
WHSC1 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region
WIPTIDE Walsh inhibitor protein peptide
WM white matter
WRN gene defective in Werner's syndrome
WS Werner's syndrome
x zeta
Xe xenon
Xho I restriction endonuclease
y psi
Y Yttrium
YAC yeast artificial chromosome
YAP yeast aspartyl protease
Yb Ytterbium
Z valence
Zn zinc
Zr zirconium
ZS Zellweger syndrome
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