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第四节 ICC的几种特殊应用(2)

时间:2006-06-25 14:12来源:大众医药网 作者:admin 点击: 299次

  采用双重或多重染色、观察何种细胞分裂增殖时,首先应染色其它抗原物质,最后显示Brdu。通常在第一种抗体呈色后,再经1%戊二醛固定5~10min,重复上述程序,均可获得较满意的染色结果,分裂细胞核呈棕褐色;显示其它抗原用ALP标记抗体,则细胞浆为红色(FR)或蓝色(FB)。

  四、 ICC在原位杂交技术中的应用

  传统的ICC法主要用于检测组织细胞中含有何种物质,根据该物质的作用,推测其组织细胞生理、病理意义。但该物质来自何处,是否是阳性细胞合成往往较难判断,结合免疫电镜及双重染色等方法,在某种程度上,有助于推断该物质的来源。然而通常ICC法显示的是组织细胞已经合成的物质(过去时),本身不能说明阳性组织细胞目前的功能状态,亦无法预测细胞将合成何种物质,发挥什么功能,因此,单纯的ICC法存在着被动性。

  近年来,ICC法与原位杂交技术结合,使细胞内活性DNA可视化,直接显示某染色体上,何种基因活性化或非活性化,描述组织细胞现在的状态,同时亦可预知未来组织细胞将合成何种物质,发挥哪些功能等,直接观察组织细胞的时空改变,这在病理生理研究中有着重要意义,为形态学研究开辟了令人瞩目的前景。

  众所周知,机体内不同的蛋白质发挥其特定的功能,与其氨基酸序列密切相关,而它的氨基酸序列又是DNA通过mRNA转录控制的。因此检测该DAN/mRNA的分布,可判断组织细胞的功能状态。为在组织细胞水平检测DNA/mRNA等一定碱基序列的核酸存在与否,Gall(1969)等建立了原位杂交方法(详见第二十章 )。

  在检测某种特定的蛋白质在哪一类细胞内合成时,常常应用连续切片或镜影切片,原位杂交法显示合成该蛋白质的mRNA,ICC法染色其蛋白质抗原,二者存在于同一细胞时,具有较强的说服力。同一切片进行上述双重染色时,原位杂交步骤中,大多数抗原物质的抗原性往往易被破坏,所以最好在ICC染色后再进行原位杂交染色。ICC染色中,抗体内含有RNase等可能破坏细胞内的mRNA,为此应选用精制IgG抗体,并加入500u/ml肝素抑制RNase。肝素系酸性多糖,其化学性质与核酸类似,能够与以核酸为底物的酶(RNase)结合,从而保护mRNA免受破坏。另外,ICC染色以DAB呈色时,核酸探针易吸附于DAB产物上,需注意。

  近年随着细胞工程的进步,ICC、原位杂交技术将在细胞生物学、组织学、遗传学、病毒学、临床疾病诊断等各个领域,得到更广泛地应用。

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