全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案1996年(2)

Part Two:
         Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.
         They do not provide energy, 41 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 42 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 43 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 44 .
         Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually carbon, hydrogen , oxygen , and 45 nitrogen. They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in the body.
         48 enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. Many people, 50 , believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well- balanced diet will usually meet all the body' s vitamin needs.
41. (A) either (B) so (C) nor (D) never
42. (A) shifting (B) transfening (C) altering (D) transforming
43. (A) any (B) some (C) anything (D) something
44. (A) serious (B) apparent (C) severe (D) fatal
45. (A) mostly (B) partially (C) sometimes (D) rarely
46. (A) in that (B) so that (C) such that (D) except that
47. (A) undertakes (B) holds (C) plays (D) performs
48. (A) Supplying (B) Getting (C) Providing (D) Furnishing
49. (A) exceptional (B) exceeding (C) excess (D) external
50. (A) nevertheless (B) therefore (C) moreover (D) meanwhile
Part　Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Passage l
         Tight-lipped elders used to say, "It's not what you want in this world, but what you get. "Psych- ology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.
         You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.
         Likewise, If you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.
         This acoount of yourself is actuaLly a sketch of your working life and should include alucation, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews.While talking to you,your could-be employer is deciding whether your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
         When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.
51. What do the elders mean when they say, "It's not what yau want in this world, but what
you get. "?
(A) You'll certainly get what you want.
(B) It's no use dreaming.
(C) You should be dissatisfied with what you have.
(D) It's essential to set a goal for yourself.
52. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as__.
(A) an illustration of how to write an application for a job
(B) an indication of how to secure a good job
(C) a guideline for job description
(D) a principle for job evaluation
53. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job
because __.
(A) that is the first step to please the employer
(B) that is the requirement of the employer
(C) it enables him to know when to sell his services
(D) it forces him to become clearly aware of himself
54. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have some-
thing__.
(A) definite to offer (B) imaginary to provide
(C) practical to supply (D) desirable to present

Passage 2
         With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation's news coverage, as well as listen to it. And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio station. They are brought sport , comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs , education , religion , parliamentary coverage, children ' s pragrammes and films for an annual licence fee of 83 pounds per household.
         It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years--yet the BBC' s future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.
         The debate was launched by the Government , which invited anyone with an opinion of the
BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewers--to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC' s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is,or to make changes.
         Defenders of the Corporation-of whom there are many---are fond of quoting the American slogan "If it ain't broke, don't fix it. " The BBC "ain' t broke" ,they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word 'broke' , meaning having no money) , so why bother to change it?
         Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The
commercial TV channels---TV and Channel 4-were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the anival of new satellite channels--funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions-which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term .
55 . The world famous BBC now faces__ .
(A) the problem of new coverage (B) an uncertain prospect
( C) inquiries by the general public (D) shrinkage of audience
56. In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?
(A) Extension of its TV service to Far East.
(B) Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.
(C) Potentials for further intemational co-operations.
(D) Its existence as a broadcasting organization.
57. The BBC's "royal charter" (Llne 4, Paragraph 3) stands for__
(A) the financial support from the roval family (B) the privileges granted by the Queen
(C) a contract with the Queen (D) a unique relationship with the royal family
58. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than__
(A) the emergence of commercial TV channels
(B) the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government
(C) the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs
(D) the challenge of new satellite channels

Passage 3
         In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting , trams and other services to the taxpayers .
         The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America,Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world ' s movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboume sprang up to house large. " comfonable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of
the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation.
         The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabLed the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other' s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation .
59. It's true of the old family finns that__.
(A) they were spoiled by the younger generations
(B) they failed for lack of individual initiative
(C) they lacked efficiency compared with modem companies
(D) they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers
60. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in__.
(A) the separation of capital from management
(B) the ownership of capital by managers
(C) the emergence of capital and labour as two classes
(D) the participation of shareholders in municipal business
61 . According to the passage, all of the following are true except that__.
(A) the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workers
(B) the old firm owners hand a better understanding of their workers
(C) the limited liability Qompanies were too large to run smoothly
(D) the trade unions seemed to play a positive role
62. The author is most critical of___ .
(A) family film owners (B) landowners ( C) managers (D) shareholders
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全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案1996年(2)