自体吞噬——Ⅱ型程序性死亡

        自噬  (autophagy)  是广泛存在于真核细胞内的一种溶酶体依赖性的降解途径，在饥饿的条件下，它可以调节细胞内长寿命蛋白和细胞器的降解，降解产物再被细胞重新利用  .  因此自噬在细胞发育、细胞免疫、组织重塑及对环境适应等方面有着十分重要的作用  .  近来发现，自噬还参与降解病原微生物、抵御感染的过程，称之为异噬  .  对自噬的分子机制和调节以及其在生理病理过程中的作用进行相应讨论  .

英文摘要：

        Autophagy  (eating  oneself)  is  the  lysosomal  degradation  of  cytosolic  components,  usually  the  long-lived  proteins  and  organelles,  and  recycle  the  digested  food  for  cellular  metabolism  during  starvation.  Hence,  autophagy  is  functionally  involved  in  cell  development,  immunity,  tissue  remodeling  and  cell  adaptation  to  the  adversary  circumstances.  Recently  it  suggests  that  autophagic  machinery  plays  a  critical  role  in  protecting  eukaryotes  from  infection  of  microbial  infections,  the  process  called  xenophagy.  The  genetic  basis  of  the  intracellular  digestioin  was  highlighted,  and  physiological  and  pathophysiological  regulation  of  autophagy  is  discussed.   (责任编辑：泉水)

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自体吞噬——Ⅱ型程序性死亡