全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案1998年(3)

The word “schism”(Line 4, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means _____ .
A)confrontation
B)dissatisfaction
C)separation
D)contempt

Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to _____ .
A)discuss the cause of the decline of science's power
B)show the author's symphathy with scientists
C)explain the way in which science develops
D)exemplify the division of science and the humanities

Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A)Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.
B)Politicans are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.
C)The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as antiscience
D)Tagging environmentalists as “antiscience” is justifiable

The author's attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience” is _____ .
A)impartial
B)subjective
C)biased
D)puzzling
Passage 4
        Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
        This development - and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead - has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting.
        Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people - numerically the third largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
         Americans have been migrating south and west in larger number since World War II, and the pattern still prevails.
        Three sun belt states - Florida, Texas and California - together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th - with Cleveland and Washington.DC,dropping out of the top 10.
        Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say, Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too - and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's “baby boom” generation reached its child bearing years.
        Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances-
         ● Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate - 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
         ●Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except fro Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people - about 9 per square mile.
        The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to morebearable climates.
        Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state.
        In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they chose - and still are choosing - somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
        As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent - little more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.

Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s _____ .
A)enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history
B)witnessed a southwestern shift of population
C)underwent an unparalleled period of population growth
D)brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World dWar II

The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that _____ .
A)it stresses the climatic influence on population distribution
B)it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of immigrants
C)it reveals the Americans' new persuit of spacious living
D)it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday's “baby boom”

We can see from the available statistics that _____ .
A)California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US
B)the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West
C)cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration
D)Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population

The word “demographers” (Line 1, Paragraph 8) most probably means _____ .
A)people infavor of the trend of democracy
B)advocates of migration between states
C)scientists engaged in the studey of population
D)conservatives clinging to old patterns of life
Passage 5
        Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
        That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from eath other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite direcitons or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots,anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the quesiton. From an analysis of the hot spot popultion it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.
        The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures(cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explanied the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability(inconstance).

The author believes that _____ .
A)the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth's interior
B)the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true
C)the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions
D)the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart

That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that _____ .
A)the two continents are still moving in opposite direcitons
B)they have been found to share certain geological features
C)the African plates has been stable for 30 million years
D)over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe

The hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining _____ .
A)the structure of the African plates
B)the revival of dead volcanoes
C)the mobility of the continents
D)the formation of new oceans

The passage is mainly about _____ .
A)the features of volcanic activities
B)the importance of the theory about drifting plates
C)the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies
D)the process of the formation of volcanoes
Part IV English Chinese Translation
Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II. (15 points).
        They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever decteded: a strip of enourmous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light years from earth. 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected; the US National Aeronautics and Space Administratin's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -Cobe-had disvocered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang(the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).
         72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According the the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventully, even humans.
        Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn't have long to wait. 73) Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.
         74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the unverse expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. 75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been conviced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
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全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案1998年(3)