Logic gates are the building blocks of any digital system," he continues. "An optical logic gate is a switch that controls one light beam with another. It is "on" when the device transmits light, and "off" when it blocks the light."

"Our phthalocyanine switch operates in the nanosecond regime (i.e., Gigabits per second), functioning as an all-optical AND logic gate. To demonstrate it, we waveguided a continuous (cw) laser beam co-linearly with a nanosecond pump beam through a thin film of metal-free phthalocyanine. The output was sent to a fast photo-detector and to an oscilloscope. The cw beam was found to pulsate synchronously with the pump beam, showing the characteristic table of an AND logic gate."

Right: A schematic of the nanosecond all-optical AND logic gate setup. More schematics and illustrations are available in "Recent Advances in Photonic Devices for Optical Computing" by NASA/Marshall's Hossin Abdeldayem, Donald O. Frazier, Mark S. Paley, and William K. Witherow.

"Our setup for the picosecond switch was similar, except that the phthalocyanine film was replaced with a hollow fiber coated from inside with a thin polydiacetylene film. Both collinear laser beams were focused on one end of the tube, and a lens at the other end focused the output onto a monochrometer with a fast detector attached. The product of the two beams demonstrates three of the four characteristics of a NAND logic gate."

"Optical bistable devices and logic gates such as these are the equivalent of electronic transistors," concludes Dr. Abdeldayem. "They operate as very high speed on-off switches and are also useful as optical cells for information storage."

According to Dr. Frazier, these all-optical computer components and thin-films developed by NASA are essential to the current worldwide work in electro-optical hybrid computers - and will help to make possible the astounding organic optical computers that will be the standard of future terrestrial and space information, operating and communication systems.