光合作用机理研究的新突破(2)
核心摘要:
TheyflashedthesamplewithalaserandregisteredthechangeusingX-rayfluorescenceevery10microsecondstofindouthowdifferentoxidationstatesdeveloped.Whencarefullyanalysingthereactionkinetics,theyobservedatimede
They flashed the sample with a laser and registered the change using X-ray fluorescence every 10 microseconds to find out how different oxidation states developed. When carefully analysing the reaction kinetics, they observed a time delay before the O2-evolving step. This delay unambiguously proved the existence of the long-searched for intermediate state.
How far away are we then from using the sun to power our daily lives? Michael Haumann, the main author of the publication, asserts that "these are important results that will make an impact in the photosynthesis community. They help our understanding of how solar energy is used in plants and contribute to the efforts to produce more efficient solar cells for our needs".
光系统Ⅱ( photosystem Ⅱ, PS Ⅱ) 类囊体膜上的色素蛋白复合体,由反应中心、反应中心色素分子 P680 、聚光色素复合体Ⅱ、中心天线、放氧复合体、细胞色素和多种辅助因子组成。 PS Ⅱ的生理功能是吸收光能,进行光化学反应,产生强的氧化剂,使水裂解释放氧气,并把水中的电子传至质体醌。
水氧化钟 (water oxidizing clock) 亦称 Kok 钟 (Kok clock) , Kok 等( 1970 )根据一系列瞬间闪光处理叶绿体与放 O 2 的关系提出的解释光合作用中水氧化机制的一种模型:叶绿体中的放氧复合体(根据带正电荷的多少,依次称为 S 0 、 S 1 、 S 2 、 S 3 、 S 4 )在每次闪光后积累 1 个正电荷,积累到 4 个正电荷时( S 4 )能裂解 2 个 H 2 O 释放 1 个 O 2 ,获取 4 个 e - ,并回到初始状态 S 0 。此模型中,每吸收 1 个光量子推动氧化钟前进一步。
放氧复合体 (oxygen-evolving complex , OEC) 一种含锰的蛋白,在光系统Ⅱ靠近类囊体腔的一侧,参与水的裂解和氧的释放。