Liquid crystals, the same phase-shifting materials used to display information on cell phones, monitors and other electronic equipment, can also be used to report in real time on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
Differentiation is the process by which embryonic stem cells gradually turn into function-specific types of adult cells or so-called “cell lineages” including skin, heart or brain.
The main challenge facing stem cell research is that of guiding differentiation along these well-defined, controlled lineages. Stem cells grown in the laboratory tend to differentiate in an uncontrolled manner, resulting in a mixture of cells of little medical use.
Now, UW-Madison researchers at the NSF-funded Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) have shown that by straining mechanically the cells as they grow, it is possible to reduce significantly and almost eliminate the uncontrolled differentiation of stem cells.
In an article in the March issue of Advanced Functional Materials, the team reports on a liquid crystal-based cell culture system that promises new ways of achieving real-time control over interactions between synthetic materials and human embryonic stem cells, including the possibility of straining embryonic stem cells as they grow.
“Stem cells tend to be smaller and have a slightly more compact shape than the differentiated cells,” says Chemical and Biological Engineering Assistant Professor Sean Palecek. “Differentiated cells appear to be much more spread and they appear to exert different levels of force on the matrix in which they are grown. That force can be read to a liquid crystal. Through simple changes of liquid crystal texture and color, our cell culture system is able to report, in real time, the cell interactions with the underlying support on which they are grown.”
Currently, researchers have several methods of monitoring cell differentiation. The easiest, says Palecek, is to just look at the cells and use cell morphology as a cue. A more accurate method uses molecular markers. Antibodies are placed against these markers to determine if they bind to the cell. That system, while more accurate, does not provide real time data and cells often have to be killed in order to analyze the markers.
用液态晶体控制胚胎干细胞区分大有希望
核心摘要:
研究表明,通过机械拉伸胚胎干细胞,利用液态晶体的特性,可以显著减少其非控制性分化。该液态晶体基础的细胞培养系统实时监测细胞与基质的相互作用,提供了新的方法来引导干细胞沿特定谱系分化。这一创新不仅提升了干细胞研究的精确性,还为未来的干细胞治疗提供了新的物理和化学信号传递机制。
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