从基因研究看未来(4)
核心摘要:
Privatecompanies,interestedindevelopingdrugtherapies,areinvestinginDNAaswell.InIceland,deCodeGeneticshaspinpointedagenemutationfortype2diabetescalledTCF7L2.Onecopyofthemutationincreasesanindividual'sr
Private companies, interested in developing drug therapies, are investing in DNA as well. In Iceland, deCode Genetics has pinpointed a gene mutation for type 2 diabetes called TCF7L2. One copy of the mutation increases an individual's risk by 40 percent, two copies by 140 percent, says CEO Kari Stefansson. Stefansson says he expects a genetic test will be available as early as next year. And a joint effort by NIH and Pfizer, announced earlier this year, is searching for genes for a host of diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar disease and severe depression.
As science advances, business follows. Today genetic testing usually takes place in specialized clinics, where patients undergo thorough counseling both before and after testing so that they—and other family members—understand the emotional and practical implications that might arise. But do-it-yourself online testing companies, advertised directly to consumers, are springing up on the Internet. Ryan Phelan, CEO of DNA Direct, founded in 2004, says her site provides a "virtual genetics clinic," making testing as easy as sending in a cheek swab. (Cost: anywhere from $200 to $3,300.) DNA Direct provides counseling and does not sell remedies after results are in. But other companies are not so scrupulous, marketing tests that have little to no scientific validity, then pushing products as therapy. Critics say they need more oversight. "What you have here," says Dr. Adam Wolfberg, of Tufts-New England Medical Center, "is a real blurring of the lines between medical testing and product marketing."
Scientific revolutions must be tempered by reality. Genes aren't the only factors involved in complex diseases—lifestyle and environmental influences, such as diet or smoking, are too. And predictions about new tests and treatments may not come to pass as fast as researchers hope—they may not come at all. Still, it's hard not to get excited about the future, especially when you consider the medical competition now underway: NIH has challenged researchers to come up with a method, within the next 10 years, to sequence a single human genome for $1,000 (today's cost: $5 million to $10 million). Assuming it works, one day not too far in the future, each of us will go to the doc, hand over our blood and get back our personalized biological blueprints. "It's an astounding curve to be riding," says Collins. Hold on to your DNA.
With Anne Underwood and Jonathan Mummolo
URL: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16006193/site/newsweek/